Cat Losing Hair in Patches: Alopecia Guide and Causes
You are petting your cat and suddenly notice a bald spot. Or worse, you realize their entire belly is hairless. Feline alopecia (hair loss) is rarely a cosmetic issue; it is almost always a sign of pruritus (itching) or stress.
A common myth is that older cats just "lose hair." They do not. If your cat is balding, something is wrong. The good news is that 90% of cases fall into one of four treatable categories.
1. Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) - The #1 Cause
"But I never see fleas on my cat!" This is what every owner says. Here is the truth: You don't need an infestation to have FAD.
- The Mechanism: Some cats are hyper-allergic to flea saliva. A single flea bite can trigger a systemic reaction that lasts for 2 weeks. The flea bites, jumps off, and dies, but the cat itches for days.
- The Pattern: Hair loss usually occurs on the lower back (the "racing stripe" up the spine), the base of the tail, and the inner thighs.
- The Diagnosis: Your vet will look for "flea dirt" (black specks) but often treats presumptively.
- The Fix: Over-the-counter drops often fail. You need prescription-strength preventatives (like Bravecto, Revolution Plus, or Advantage Multi) for at least 3 months to break the cycle.
2. Ringworm (Dermatophytosis)
Despite the name, this is not a worm. It is a fungus (like Athlete's Foot).
- The Pattern: Perfectly circular bald patches. The skin in the center may look scaly or red. It is most common on the face, ears, and paws.
- Who gets it: Kittens, long-haired cats (Persians), and shelter adoptees are high risk.
- WARNING: Ringworm is Zoonotic—meaning you can catch it from your cat. If you see circular lesions, wash your hands and isolate the cat.
- The Fix: Diagnosis via a PCR test or fungal culture. Treatment involves oral antifungals (Itrafungol) and lime sulfur dips.
3. Psychogenic Alopecia (Stress Grooming)
Cats are emotional groomers. Just as humans bite their nails when anxious, cats lick their fur.
- The Pattern: A "mowed lawn" appearance on the belly, inner thighs, or forelegs. The skin underneath looks normal (no scabs), just stubbly hair.
- The Cause: Changes in the home (new baby, new pet, moving), boredom, or conflict with another cat.
- The Diagnosis: This is a "diagnosis of exclusion." Vets only diagnose this after ruling out fleas, fungus, and food allergies.
- The Fix: Enrichment (distraction), Feliway pheromones, and in severe cases, anti-anxiety medication (Fluoxetine).
4. Food Allergies
True food allergies are rarer than people think, but they exist.
- The Pattern: Intense itching around the head and neck. You may feel small scabs (Miliary Dermatitis) under the fur like grains of sand.
- The Cause: Usually the protein source (Chicken, Beef, Fish), not the grain.
- The Fix: A strict 8-week food trial using a Hydrolyzed Protein diet (where the protein is broken down so small the immune system can't detect it).
When is it an Emergency?
Hair loss itself is not an emergency, but Paraneoplastic Alopecia (Shiny Skin Disease) is.
- Signs: The skin becomes incredibly smooth and shiny (glistening) on the belly, and the cat is lethargic.
- Cause: This is a rare marker for internal tumors (pancreatic/liver cancer). If the bald skin looks polished/shiny, see a vet immediately.
Conclusion
Don't ignore the bald spot. Your cat is likely itchy or anxious. Start with the basics: rigorous flea control for 3 months. If that fails, ask your vet about a fungal culture or food trial. Your cat wants their coat back.